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  1. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) as autoimmune diseases arise owing to failure of immunological self-tolerance. One of the mechanisms employed to control these potentially damag...

    Authors: Farag Khalil, Mohamed Nabil Rafat, Abdelwahab Lotfy, Mahmoud H. Hemida, Marwan Sayed and Mamdouh Attia
    Citation: The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine 2019 30:30040289
  2. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) including hemodialysis (HD) is considered an inflammatory state leading to hepcidin upregulation, which affects iron homeostasis.

    Authors: Nafesa M. Kamal, Magda Diab and Rania A. Khalil
    Citation: The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine 2019 30:30040284
  3. Plasma glucose variability may confer a risk for development of chronic diabetic complications. Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) reflects average glucose level but not glucose variability, which is measured by ...

    Authors: Ayman Abd-Elrahman Mohamed Nsr-Allah, Mohamed Kamar, Ahmed Sharawy and Nermin Raafat
    Citation: The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine 2019 30:30040276
  4. Patients infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) are at increased risk of renal disease. This study compares factors associated with proteinuria and doubling of serum creatinine level ...

    Authors: Amin R. Soliman, Rabab M. Ahmed, Mahmoud Soliman, Ahmed Abdallah and Bahaa Zayed
    Citation: The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine 2019 30:30040271
  5. One of the most common complications of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is renal injury. The aim of the study was to detect the frequency of AKI as a problem in end stage liver disease patients with SB...

    Authors: Salah El-Gamal, Hazem Hakim El-Beltagy El-Menshawy, Neveen F. Abbas and Omar El-Metwally
    Citation: The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine 2019 30:30040264
  6. The liver distortion that occurs in cirrhosis results in increased resistance to portal blood flow and hence in portal hypertension which is one of the most common and serious complications of liver cirrhosis....

    Authors: Howaida A. Nafady, Tarek A. Hassan, Lobna A. Ahmed and Marina A. Waheeb
    Citation: The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine 2019 30:30040255
  7. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major health problem in Egypt. It is often complicated by liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension, resulting in gastroesophageal varices, gastropathy, and colopathy. Howe...

    Authors: Helmy Shalaby, El-Sayed El-Meghawry, Sabry Al-Azhary, Khaled Nagy Elfayoumy and El-Sayed Abo Zeid
    Citation: The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine 2019 30:30040249
  8. Neuropsychiatric complications that develop after living donor liver transplantation (LT) are frequently encountered, though not adequately estimated among Egyptian recipients. We aimed to estimate the frequen...

    Authors: Mohamed A. Sakr, Mohamed K. El-Naggar, Mohamed Omar Khalifa, Hend M. Hussein, Azza A. Abd El-Aziz, Tarek A. Ahmed and Mahmoud S. El-Meteini
    Citation: The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine 2019 30:30040239
  9. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the commonest primary liver neoplasm that usually develop in the background of cirrhosis. Hepatitis C virus is endemic in Egypt and is the major cause of cirrhosis. Studying t...

    Authors: Salah Elgamal, Ahmed A. Ghafar, Elsayed Ghoneem, Moustafa Elshaer, Hani Alrefai and Wafaa Elemshaty
    Citation: The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine 2019 30:30040231
  10. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a serious infection of ascitic fluid in cirrhotic patients. High mortality associated with the delay in diagnosis and treatment. There is a need for an accurate and a...

    Authors: Fayrouz O. Selim, Nahawand A. El-Deeb, Hesham A. Farrag and Azza M. Ahmed
    Citation: The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine 2019 30:30040223
  11. Minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) may impair driving performance and adversely disturbs quality of life. Most drivers with chronic liver disease are not routinely screened for MHE and stay untreated due to ...

    Authors: Mohammad Eltaher Abdelrahman, Saad Zaky Mahmoud, Anwar M. Ali, Haitham Ahmed Abdalla T. El-Khateeb and Ghada A. Mohamed
    Citation: The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine 2019 30:30040217
  12. Lead is a toxic heavy metal with hematotoxic, neurotoxic, and nephrotoxic effects even at low concentration. Presence of heavy metals like lead in the blood and blood products while donating blood can cause ad...

    Authors: Fathima Haneena, C. S. Muhammed Rashid and A. Hashim
    Citation: The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine 2019 30:30040212
  13. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most common cause of end-stage renal disease. Microalbuminuria is the most popular method for detecting the early signs of DN. However, pathological changes occur before the on...

    Authors: Said M. Al-Barshomy, Mohamed El Sayed Mostafa, George Emad Shaker and Lamiaa A. Wahab
    Citation: The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine 2019 30:30040182
  14. Round pneumonia, a benign cause of spherical lesions seen on chest imaging, can many a times be difficult to distinguish from bronchogenic carcinomas. Although relatively less common in adults, this entity is ...

    Authors: Ved Prakash, Ajay K. Verma, Ankit Bhatia, Arpita Singh, Surya Kant and Abhijeet Singh
    Citation: The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine 2018 30:30030170
  15. Dengue is known for its nonspecific onset and frequently can rapidly deteriorate into a range of feared systemic complications including hemorrhagic fever and shock syndromes. However, vocal cord hematomas ass...

    Authors: Vadivelu Tamilarasan, Malapaka Rama Krishna Ravi Chandra, Bangalore Venkatraman Murali Mohan and Madhavi Kadambi
    Citation: The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine 2018 30:30030168
  16. Diabetes mellitus and thyroid dysfunction are two endocrine disorders that can affect each other, and the effects of which are poorly understood until now. Association between subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) ...

    Authors: Ayman Abd-Elrahman Mohamed Nsr-Allah, Azza H. Abd-El Fatah, Mahmoud Azab and Maggie M. Fawzi
    Citation: The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine 2018 30:30030160
  17. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a cause of significantly higher morbidity and mortality in patients with cirrhosis. This study was conducted to assess the effect of adding rifaximin to cefotaxime in...

    Authors: Asmaa N. Mohammad, Mahmoud K. Elsamman, Amr M. Zaghloul, Hameda H. Mohamed and Walaa I. Mohammed
    Citation: The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine 2018 30:30030154
  18. The aim of this study was to compare the aortic stiffness in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with the aortic stiffness in general population (GP) and to evaluate the determinants of their stiffness.

    Authors: Petar Avramovski, Maja Avramovska, Marija Arsovska - Nalbanti, Pece Nikolovski and Emilija Sikole
    Citation: The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine 2018 30:30030145
  19. Iontophoresis had been widely used as a therapeutic option in the field of dermatology and physiotherapy. In vascular medicine, vasodilating response to acetylcholine (ACh) iontophoresis had been also previous...

    Authors: Ibrahim Ismail Abu Zaid, Mohamed Ahmed Hussein, Gihan Samir Mousa, Amany Raafat Mohamed, Nagwa Mohamed Badr and Alaa A. Hamid
    Citation: The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine 2018 30:30030140
  20. The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has increased dramatically worldwide in the last decades, but unfortunately it was not studied in Egypt.

    Authors: Ghada M. El Sagheer and Lamia Hamdi
    Citation: The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine 2018 30:30030131
  21. Fetuin-A is a hepatic secretory protein that binds to insulin receptors and inhibits insulin resistance (IR) kinase activity as well as IR autophosphorylation in vivo and in vitro.

    Authors: Nehal H. Al-Said, Fatma M. Taha, Ghada M. Abdel-Aziz and Marwa S. Abdel-Tawab
    Citation: The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine 2018 30:30030121
  22. Cardiac dysfunction is a prevalent finding in patients with liver cirrhosis. We aimed to evaluate left ventricular function by tissue Doppler imaging in patients with liver cirrhosis.

    Authors: Mohammed M. Ashmawy, Hosny A. Younis, Mahmoud A. Abd Elbaset, Haitham A. Abdel Rahman, Ahmed M. Ashmawy, Muhammad Abd El-Gawad Shawky and Mohammed M. Abd Elnasser
    Citation: The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine 2018 30:30030115
  23. It is generally assumed that systematic fasting is obligatory in the context of acute variceal bleeding owing to the fear of increasing the risk of rebleeding if patients instituted feeding early after endosco...

    Authors: Tarek Goda, Abdelrahman Mokhtar, Rokaya Anwar, Hakim Hazem and Ali Eleraki
    Citation: The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine 2018 30:30030110
  24. The pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN) is still incompletely understood. Few studies have linked the cellular inflammatory markers, interleukin 6 (IL-6) and highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP),...

    Authors: Alshabrawy M. Abdelnabi and Ayman M. E. M. Sadek
    Citation: The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine 2018 30:30030103
  25. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common cause of impaired liver functions. It is associated with hepatic and adipose tissue insulin resistance (IR) as well as decreased whole-body insulin sensitiv...

    Authors: Maha Assem Hussein, May Fawzi, Alhosaeyn Ibrahim and Aasem Saif
    Citation: The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine 2018 30:30030097
  26. Antimicrobial resistance has decreased eradication rates for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection worldwide. Sequential therapy (ST) has been suggested as an alternative to conventional triple therapy (TT) f...

    Authors: Waleed A. Ismail and Ehab F. Mostafa
    Citation: The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine 2018 30:30020090
  27. Acute-on-chronic hepatic failure is an increasing number of identified distinct disorders encompassing an acute deterioration of hepatic functions in patients with chronic liver disease

    Authors: Ehab F. Mostafa, Waleed A. Ismael, Amr El Hawary, Ayman Marei and Sameh Saber
    Citation: The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine 2018 30:30020083
  28. Spleen may be enlarged in patients with metabolic syndrome (MS). Many factors that are encountered in MS were incriminated as etiology of the splenomegaly. The aim of this study was to assess spleen longitudin...

    Authors: Rokaya Abd El-Aziz, Mervat Naguib and Laila A. Rashed
    Citation: The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine 2018 30:30020078
  29. Endoscopic surveillance of esophageal varices (EV) in patients with cirrhosis is expensive and uncomfortable for many patients. Therefore, there is a particular need for noninvasive predictors for EV.

    Authors: Dala G. Ashraf and Ibrahim El-Sayed
    Citation: The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine 2018 30:30020072
  30. Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading cause of renal failure. Diabetic patients with microalbuminuria typically progress to proteinuria and overt diabetic nephropathy. Nesfatin-1 is an anoretic polypept...

    Authors: Mohamed A. Korani and Ahmed Sonbol
    Citation: The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine 2018 30:30020068
  31. The aim of the study was to evaluate the value of the N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) as an early diagnostic marker for chronic heart failure (CHF) in hypothyroid patients with i...

    Authors: Hazem M. El-Ashmawy, Ekhlas M. Hussein and Azza M. Ahmed
    Citation: The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine 2018 30:30020063
  32. Diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus is one of the most serious microvascular complications. Immunoglobulin G (IgG), with molecular weight of 150 kDa, is excreted in urine of normoalbuminuric diabe...

    Authors: Nafesa M. Kamal, Ahmed M. Elsayed, Essam Amin and Amal Zedan
    Citation: The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine 2018 30:30020058
  33. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a peptide formed of 30 amino acids. It is synthesized in and released from the enteroendocrine L cells that are present throughout the small and the large intestine. Because ...

    Authors: Mohamed A. Korani and Ahmed Sonbol
    Citation: The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine 2018 30:30020054
  34. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) is a membrane-associated peptidase. It has widespread organ distribution throughout the body and exerts pleiotropic effects. The liver expresses DPP4 to a high degree.

    Authors: Alaaeldin A. Dawood, Yasser El Ghobashy and Ayman A. Elgamal
    Citation: The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine 2018 30:30020049
  35. Authors: Nadia A. Abdelkader
    Citation: The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine 2018 30:30010047
  36. Superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome occurs because of SVC obstruction by mediastinal mass, with features of venous stasis and Pancoast syndrome manifested by tumour of the lung apex with features of invasion to ...

    Authors: Rajdeep Basu, Sukalpa Chaudhuri and Soumitra Ghosh
    Citation: The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine 2018 30:30010043
  37. This is a case report of 22-year-old man who was suffering from epididymo-orchitis for more than 2 years. Several months after the onset of the condition, the patient developed bilateral upper-limb and lower-l...

    Authors: Manal El Meniawy, Mervat Essam and Ymna Khaled
    Citation: The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine 2018 30:30010040
  38. Nigeria is one of the countries highly endemic for viral hepatitis. However, data on the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among mortuary workers and ambulance drivers has not been documented. He...

    Authors: Jeremiah M. Uruku, Amos Dangana, Idris-Abdullahi Nasir, Bibiana N. Egenti, Nimzing Lohya, Enenche S. Iyalla, Kadiri Ezra and Emmanuel O. Falade
    Citation: The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine 2018 30:30010035
  39. Although remarkable developments have been made in the management of cardiovascular disease, myocardial infarction (MI) remains the most common cause of death worldwide. MI is an acute condition of myocardial ...

    Authors: Abdallah I. Ali Kelani, Hanan S. El-Deen Mohammed, Mona M. Soliman, Marwa Sayed, Hala M. El-Badre and Mai A. Fathi
    Citation: The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine 2018 30:30010028
  40. Bile reflux gastritis (BRG) is a common disorder, with few data on its pathophysiology and clinical course, whereas Helicobacter pylori is the well-known, commonest cause of chronic gastritis.

    Authors: Enaase A. M. E. Barakat, Neven F. Abbas and Nashwa Y. El-Kholi
    Citation: The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine 2018 30:30010023
  41. Type 2 diabetes is prevalent worldwide, and insulin resistance (IR) is considered the main player in its pathogenesis. Previous studies suggested a link between iron and IR.

    Authors: Usama A. Khalil, Fayroz O. Seliem, Alsayed Alnahal, Mohamed Awad, Ayman M. E. M. Sadek and Mohamed S. Fawzy
    Citation: The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine 2018 30:30010013
  42. Apelin is the endogenous ligand of the angiotensin-like receptor. The expression of apelin–APJ (apelin receptor) signaling is associated with the development of portal hypertension (PH) and contributes toward ...

    Authors: Ashraf G. Dala, Osama M. Ebied and Gamal Y. Abo-Raia
    Citation: The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine 2018 30:30010008
  43. The gold standard for the diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) count of 250/mm3or more. Accurate and early diagnosis of SBP is important to decrease the mor...

    Authors: Ahmed A. Heikl, Mahmoud M. El-Nokeety, Eman Roshdy and Abeer Mohey
    Citation: The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine 2018 30:30010001
  44. Autoimmune encephalitis is an emerging clinical entity/medical emergency. Psychiatric symptoms can be a presenting feature of this condition, causing diagnostic confusion. Early and appropriate treatment is es...

    Authors: A. V. Raveendran, Kariampuzha Chacko George and Mohammed Shafi Pilavullakandy
    Citation: The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine 2017 29:2904199
  45. Serum creatinine is an unreliable early biomarker for the diagnosis of acute kidney injury (AKI) after cardiac surgery. We need to search for a rapid and dependable marker for the detection of AKI.

    Authors: Mohammad H. Aly, Alsayed Alnahal, Goerge Emad, Abdel A. M. Jumaa and Mohammad M. El Shaarawy
    Citation: The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine 2017 29:2904170
  46. Microscopic colitis (MC) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) have similar symptoms and a normal endoscopic appearance, as well as normal radiologic findings. Several studies have shown that MC can be mistakenly...

    Authors: Mohamed S. Gomaa, Ahmad S. Elsawaby, Emad A. Awad and Magdy G. Abdel Rahman
    Citation: The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine 2017 29:2904164