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Western Kenya, being a malaria-endemic region, has a high prevalence of hemoglobinopathies mostly sickle cell and thalassemia. The hemoglobin fractions or variants, HbA, HbA2, and HbF, serve as biomarkers for ...
Diabetes mellitus is a complex chronic disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia resulting from defective insulin secretion, defective insulin action, or both. Chronic hyperglycemia related to diabetes ca...
Pulmonary cyst is a rounded lung parenchymal lucency, usually containing air or fluid. Approach to establishing the etiology of lung cyst includes determining their location, number, distribution, and presence...
It has been documented that nearly 600 million people worldwide are expected to have diabetes mellitus in 2035 and that approximately 140,000 persons aged 20–69 years living with diabetes mellitus in Trinidad ...
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), quality of life is “an individual’s perception of their position in life in the context of the culture and value systems in which they live, and in relation to...
The famed variola (smallpox) virus and the monkeypox virus (MPXV) are closely related, and MPXV causes a milder form of febrile rash disease in people. Human monkeypox was mostly an uncommon zoonotic illness t...
Anomalous left coronary arteries are rare congenital defects. These are often detected incidentally unless they have a malignant course whereby patients present with acute coronary syndromes. We describe a rar...
Polycythemia refers to a condition of an abnormal increase in the red blood cell (RBC) mass. In men with a hematocrit > 60% or women with a hematocrit > 55%, there is 99% likelihood that the RBC mass is elevat...
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a leading cause of death worldwide. The first hours of acute myocardial infarction are correlated with the highest risk of death. Therefore, early diagnosis of the infarcti...
Salmonella typhi infection commonly results in gastroenteritis, bacteremia with or without secondary seeding, or asymptomatic carrier stage. Few cases of Salmonella typhi bacteremia later result in seeding and ul...
Multiple case reports and case series have been published on heart failure due to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR TKIs), yet the management and outcome of the said disease hav...
Copper sulfate is a bright blue crystal used primarily for agricultural purposes, as a pesticide, disinfectant, feed, and soil additive. Acute volunteer poisoning of copper sulfate is not common in the world a...
Malnutrition is a common problem among patients with inflammatory bowel disease and up to 18–62% of ulcerative colitis (UC) patients were reported to be malnourished. This study aimed to assess micronutrient s...
Susac syndrome is a rare disease with multisystem manifestations. While the exact pathogenesis is not known, it has been proposed to be an autoimmune endotheliopathy affecting the microvasculature of the brain...
Myelofibrosis (MF) is a haematopoietic stem cell tumour caused by the lack of BCR-ABL translocation due to point mutations in Janus kinases (JAKs). In previous years, dealing with MF included several protocols...
Research has shown that health care personnel is at higher risk of acquiring the disease than the general population. In spite of this challenge, there has been a low vaccination record among the Health Workers
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the skin; the hallmark of psoriasis is sustained inflammation that leads to uncontrolled keratinocyte proliferation and dysfunctional differentiation. Psoriasis ...
Diabetes and stroke prevalence rates are increasing worldwide, and both are major human health threats causing disability and death. Diabetes is a well-known independent risk factor for stroke. In addition, di...
Simultaneous increase in transaminases and bilirubin is an indicator of hepatic dysfunction in malaria. Malaria-induced hyperbilirubinemia has been associated with acute kidney injury and pathogenesis of cereb...
The COVID-19 pneumonia is a heterogeneous disease with variable effect on lung parenchyma, airways, and vasculature leading to long-term effects on lung functions.
Hemophilia is an inherited condition that is caused by the deficiency of clotting factors in the blood. The most common presentations of hemophilia are hemarthrosis and muscle hemorrhage. The severity of the b...
Triad of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) comprises of hyperglycemia with serum glucose > 11 mmol/L, high anion gap metabolic acidosis and ketonemia. Hyperlactemia is often noted in patients with DKA. Metformin use...
Zinc is an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant micronutrient found in food. Due to its well-established role in immunity, it is currently being used in some clinical trials against coronavirus disease-2019 (COVI...
Literatures revealed syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) as the most common mechanism of hyponatremia in COVID-19. However, it is important to rule out other etiologies of hyponatremia.
Malnutrition is highly prevalent in chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study is conducted to find out the prevalence of malnutrition and its association with inflammation in patients with CKD stages 3–5.
Dyslipidemia is a common finding in primary nephrotic syndrome (PNS). Serum PCSK9 level is also increased in PNS and is the main cause of dyslipidemia in such patients. There is a paucity of data on the relati...
To review the efficacy and safety of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in gastroesophageal varices (GEVs).
On a clinical level, preeclampsia and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease share common risk factors. Carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) is ultrasound-based imaging, non-invasive, simple, and reproducible...
A hospital-based cross-sectional study on COVID-19 confirmed patients was conducted at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan, from April to June 2021. Presence of thrombosis in these patients was...
Antimicrobials like fourth-generation cephalosporins, carbapenems, or β-lactams are widely used in treatment of febrile neutropenia (FN). The present study aimed to compare the efficacy of cefepime, meropenem,...
IBD is a multifactorial disease. Although dysbiosis of commensal bacteria and breakdown of the intestinal barrier are considered as major pathological mechanisms in the development of IBD, other important fact...
Fasting Ramadan is one of the fundamental pillars of Islam. Although sick people are excluded from this duty, some of the hemodialysis patients insist to fast to enjoy the spiritual nature of the holy month.
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a micro-vascular consequence of diabetes mellitus (DM) that manifests clinically as retinal ischemia, neovascularization, altered retinal permeability, and macular edema. In the ad...
The therapeutic usage of EUS is being developed. EUS-guided biliary drainage (EUSBD) is a recognized viable replacement for percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) in severe cases with the obstructiv...
Hemoglobinopathies represent a set of inherited red blood cell (RBCs) disorders, characterized by abnormal hemoglobin molecule. They include qualitative and quantitative hemoglobinopathies, with a structurally...
Complement system is becoming increasingly recognized as being intimately tied to obesity and other various metabolic abnormalities linked to it and may be involved in NAFLD. The goal of this study was to see ...
We reviewed the epidemiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, and clinical presentations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated mucormycosis (CAM), then discussed the importance of rapid diagnosis an...
Thyrotoxicosis is a common endocrine disorder. The clinical presentation is variable, and it is often misdiagnosed or diagnosed late in Africa. This study was aimed at collating and analyzing the clinical char...
Hepatocellular carcinoma is considered one of the most common cancers occurring in human population all over the world. It became an increasingly threatening malignancy due to both morbidity and mortality. Chr...
Horner’s syndrome is a rare complication of central venous catheter (CVC) insertion. It comprises a triad of unilateral ptosis, ipsilateral meiosis with a normally reactive pupil, and ipsilateral facial anhidr...
Micro-elimination of hepatitis C in renal patients is crucial. This study aims to assess the efficacy and safety of directly acting antivirals in chronic kidney disease patients and the effect of treatment on ...
Evaluating the serum levels of IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1α, and IL-6 and genotyping of rs12252 SNP of IFITM3 gene among different categories of COVID-19 patients might aid in understanding the pathogenesis of COVID-19 a...
Vitamin D may play a vital role in preventing the multi-system consequences of COVID-19 infections. The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential association between mean serum levels of vitamin D and COV...
Immunoglobulin E (IgE) is the least prevalent antibody type; it plays a key role in host immunity against parasitic infections and allergic diseases. Association between IgE deficiency and higher malignancy ra...
Hemoglobinopathies are inheritable disorders of hemoglobin and are the most common genetic defects in humans. This is a neglected public health problem whose undiagnosis remain a major threat to its prevention...
The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by the highly contagious severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was announced a pandemic in March 2020 by the World H...
Connective tissue diseases (autoimmune rheumatic diseases) are a group of disorders of unknown etiology. The term mixed connective tissue (MCTD) is used when two or more autoimmune diseases occur in the same i...
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a serious complication with complex pathogenesis in the natural history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COPD, with a progressively increasing frequency with a meanwhile ...
The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine is the official journal of The Egyptian Society of Internal Medicine
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