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The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine
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  1. All patients with overt and severe subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH), and some with mild SCH require levothyroxine (L-T4) therapy. The present study aims to report real-world derived weight-based L-T4 doses to ...

    Authors: Tamer Mohamed Elsherbiny
    Citation: The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine 2024 36:40
    Content type: Research Published on:

  2. Osteoprotegerin is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily. The study aimed to assess serum osteoprotegerin and endothelial dysfunction relationship in obese non-diabetic subjects. Elucidati...

    Authors: Ahmed Mohammed Shennawy, Hany William Z. Hanna, Salma Raed, Randa Salam and Sama Ayman
    Citation: The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine 2024 36:39
    Content type: Research Published on:

  3. Malaria is a serious Anopheles mosquito-borne disease. It is not endemic in Egypt but continues to be imported by travelers returning from endemic areas. The transmission of malaria in non-endemic areas is an ...

    Authors: Hamdy Ibrahim, Safwat Abdel Maksod, Magdy Khorshed, Hanan Rady, Aadel Mohamed, Omar Alkassas, Marwa Haron, Suzan Saeed, Mohamed Mahmod and Khaled Ismail
    Citation: The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine 2024 36:38
    Content type: Case Report Published on:

  5. Authors: Roselle Arbas, Sofia Alexis Dayrit, Arah Dimalanta, John Ashley Flores, Arch Raphael Mañalac, Dinah Rose Soriano, Johana Vallo, Raphael Enrique Tiongco and Maria Ruth Pineda-Cortel
    Citation: The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine 2024 36:36
    Content type: Correction Published on:

    The original article was published in The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine 2024 36:5

  6. Intravenous fluid administration is regarded as a universal therapy in critical care. It is the mainstay of treatment in patients with dehydration, blood loss, sepsis, electrolyte imbalance, and shock. Crystal...

    Authors: Mason Stoltzfus, Aditya Kohli, Priyanshi Shah, Fnu Anamika, Sai Gautham Kanagala, Vasu Gupta, Meet A. Patel and Rohit Jain
    Citation: The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine 2024 36:35
    Content type: Review Published on:

  7. Bilirubin is a metabolic product of heme, and an increase in its level may be toxic to the body. It may be conjugated or unconjugated. Encephalopathy is caused by unconjugated bilirubin has the ability to pass...

    Authors: Sadhana Kumbhar, Manish Musale and Anas Jamsa
    Citation: The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine 2024 36:34
    Content type: Review Published on:

  8. Irrational use of antibiotics in hospitals is one of the main health system problems. It leads to antibiotic resistance, adverse events, treatment failure, total treatment costs, and longer hospital stay. We a...

    Authors: Heba Othman Shaker, Manal Naguib, Basant Mohamed Abdelaziz and Marwan Mohamed Salah Eldin El Bourini
    Citation: The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine 2024 36:33
    Content type: Research Published on:

  9. The periodontal tissue initiates an immune-inflammatory response against bacteria and their products at the site of periodontal infection, and systemic attack by these pathogens triggers an acute phase respons...

    Authors: Shilpi Gupta, Nand Lal, Wahid Ali, Akshyaya Pradhan, Ajay Kumar Verma, Prashant Gupta, Neeraj Kumar, Balendra Pratap Singh and Neeraj Sinha
    Citation: The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine 2024 36:32
    Content type: Research Published on:

  11. Several studies have suggested a causal link between acute kidney injury and the consequent development of chronic kidney disease. The severity, frequency, and duration of acute injury are key factors in this ...

    Authors: Marwa K. Khairallah, Asmaa A. Gaber, Mohammed H. Maghraby, Marwa A. Dahpy, Simran Singh Parmer and Mohammed H. Mostafa
    Citation: The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine 2024 36:30
    Content type: Research Published on:

  12. Thyroid nodules were widely encountered in the population, and the selection of thyroid nodules for fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) remains confusing. It is essential to investigate the risk factors ass...

    Authors: Maha Assem Hussein, Yasmine Fathy Elesawy, Dina Esam Abd Al-Rahman Ghoweba and Shrook Mousa
    Citation: The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine 2024 36:29
    Content type: Research Published on:

  13. The transformation of acute myeloid leukemia with translocation (16;16) (p13; q22) from AML M2 to acute monocytic leukemia (AML M5) during therapy is a rare clinical occurrence, and this is the first time it h...

    Authors: Shams ElDoha Galal ElDin Zaiema and Heba Mohamed Saber Hafez
    Citation: The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine 2024 36:28
    Content type: Case Report Published on:

  14. In this study, we evaluated the utility of the TyG index among Filipino patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and explored its association with various laboratory markers.

    Authors: Chastene Christopher Flake, Madonna Morales-Valenzuela, Raphael Enrique Tiongco and Annalyn Navarro
    Citation: The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine 2024 36:27
    Content type: Research Published on:

  15. We report a case of a 36-year-old female with untreated celiac disease, exhibiting both digestive discomfort and extra-digestive symptoms, including anemia. She subsequently developed a nephrotic syndrome. Bio...

    Authors: Zaineb Kaouiri, Ikram Ftaimi, Meryem Benbella, Rabia Bayahia, Loubna Benamar, Naima Ouzeddoun and Tarik Bouattar
    Citation: The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine 2024 36:26
    Content type: Case Report Published on:

  16. In cases of heart failure characterized by reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), heightened levels of aldosterone negatively impact the progression of heart failure. Aldosterone exerts its influence through the a...

    Authors: H. ElSawi, S. Zidan and A. Elborolosy
    Citation: The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine 2024 36:25
    Content type: Research Published on:

  17. Interleukin (IL)-36α and IL-38, two novel cytokines of the IL-1 family, have recently been proposed to have a pathophysiological significance in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, there is a paucity of ...

    Authors: Shahad W. Nassurat, Isam N. Salman and Ali H. Ad’hiah
    Citation: The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine 2024 36:24
    Content type: Research Published on:

  18. Medical malpractice is described as an error made by medical providers towards their patients. For many years, this form of negligence has permeated healthcare and continues to leave a negative impact. Medical...

    Authors: Mahmoud Ali and Branden Tejada
    Citation: The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine 2024 36:23
    Content type: Review Published on:

  19. Benign auto-immune illnesses include Evans syndrome (ES) and auto-immune hemolytic anemia (AIHA). Despite being benign in nature, the patients’ livers are burdened by the disease’s chronicity and the accompany...

    Authors: Fatma Abozeid, Yasmine Shaaban, Mohamed Elbogdady and Esraa Jamal
    Citation: The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine 2024 36:22
    Content type: Research Published on:

  20. Inflammation is a cardinal mechanism of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Interleukin-6 (IL6) is a reliable indicator that plays a role in the progression of DKD. Monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) is also implic...

    Authors: Heba Mahmoud Mohamed Ibrahim, Heba Morad Bahgat, Deena Ahmed Sharshar and Tarek Abdel Azim Ramzy
    Citation: The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine 2024 36:21
    Content type: Research Published on:

  21. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is a complex phenomenon commonly diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). However, rarely, IRIS can develop with other diseases outside of HIV. We a...

    Authors: Hussain Hussain, Aya Fadel, Ekaterina Casmartino, John Sullivan, Amanda Fernandes, Samantha Garcia and Efrain Garcia
    Citation: The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine 2024 36:20
    Content type: Case Report Published on:

  22. Liver fibrosis results from chronic liver injury and is characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix proteins including collagen. It can progress to cirrhosis and liver failure.

    Authors: Tamer A. Addissouky, Majeed M. A. Ali, Ibrahim El Tantawy El Sayed and Yuliang Wang
    Citation: The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine 2024 36:19
    Content type: Review Published on:

  23. Fishbones are frequently swallowed by foreign objects that can penetrate the gastrointestinal tract. Nonetheless, it is quite uncommon for these fishbones to become lodged within the tract, resulting in the fo...

    Authors: Hussein Hassan Okasha, Ahmed Elsayed Alzamzamy, Hanane Delsa, Haitham fekry Othman, Ahmed sayed Alsibaie and Abeer Abdellatef
    Citation: The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine 2024 36:18
    Content type: Case Report Published on:

  24. The SARS-CoV-2 (corona) virus is evolving fast because of the scale at which it has infected people around the world. Updated data is needed to manage Covid-19 efficiently with limited resources. After thoroug...

    Authors: Ila Singh, Vaishali D. Kotasthane and Dhananjay S. Kotasthane
    Citation: The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine 2024 36:17
    Content type: Research Published on:

  25. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the prevailing primary liver tumor. To pick HCC at the initial stages is quite strenuous, despite the advent of serum biomarkers, mainly alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), to predict th...

    Authors: Amany N. Abbasy, Rasha Saeed, Mohamed M. El Shafei and Mohamed A. Abdel Aziz
    Citation: The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine 2024 36:16
    Content type: Research Published on:

  26. Diabetes vascular complications are classified as either macrovascular (cardiovascular disease) or microvascular (nephropathy). These complications considerably raise the risk of morbidity and death. Irisin is...

    Authors: Hala Kahla, Mai Abdel Karim Hussein, Noha Taha, Ayman Mohamed Hany and Mona Youssry
    Citation: The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine 2024 36:15
    Content type: Research Published on:

  27. Evaluation of hypercalcaemia in a patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is challenging, especially in low-resource settings. Hormone assays should be interpreted with caution as CKD affects both parathyroi...

    Authors: Pramith Ruwanpathirana, Harsha Dissanayaka, Sachith Munasinghe, Dilushi Wijayaratne, Eranga Wijewickrama, Rushika D. Lanerolle and Prasad Katulanda
    Citation: The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine 2024 36:14
    Content type: Case Report Published on:

  28. Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a heterogeneous group of clonal stem cell-derived disorders manifested by cytopenias peripherally. MDS initiates an inflammatory process which lead to atherosclerosis. Patie...

    Authors: Alaa Efat, Sabry Shoeib, Raafat Abdelfattah, Faten Alaa-Eldeen, Shrief Ramadan, Aly ElKholy and Rana Wahb
    Citation: The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine 2024 36:13
    Content type: Research Published on:

  29. Hyperkalemia is an electrolyte abnormality with potentially life-threatening consequences. But all cases of hyperkalemia need not be symptomatic either. The feared consequence of hyperkalemia is that on the he...

    Authors: Abraham M. Ittyachen, Anjely Sukumaran, Ancy Peter, Binitha Baby and Dawn Anthony
    Citation: The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine 2024 36:12
    Content type: Case Report Published on:

  30. The Nipah virus, a highly pathogenic zoonotic pathogen, has once again surfaced in the state of Kerala, India, with recent cases reported in 2023. This article delves into the epidemiological details of these ...

    Authors: Shriyansh Srivastava, Pramod Kumar Sharma, Saurav Gurjar, Sachin Kumar, Yogesh Pandey, Sarvesh Rustagi, Aroop Mohanty and Ranjit Sah
    Citation: The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine 2024 36:11
    Content type: Review Published on:

  31. One of the most common emergencies seen in emergency departments is acute gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB). It’s associated with more disease burden and mortality.

    Authors: Hekmat Nashat Shawky, Hala Mostafa Kamel, Zain Elabdeen Ahmed Sayed and Hossam Mahmoud Abdelwahab
    Citation: The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine 2024 36:10
    Content type: Research Published on:

  32. Smoking is a major preventable risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Tobacco smoking induces atherosclerosis, ischemic heart diseases, and arrhythmias. The impact of electronic cigarettes on ...

    Authors: Heba Ammar, Rania Hashish, Shrouk Mohamed Ali, Ahmed Salah Salem and Abeer Mohamed Hagras
    Citation: The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine 2024 36:9
    Content type: Research Published on:

  33. The clinical management of patients experiencing recurrent abdominal pain resembling biliary-type, but with negative findings on conventional transabdominal ultrasound (TUS), poses a challenge. In recent years...

    Authors: Ahmed Morad Hashim, Ahmed Nabil Ahmed, Yasser Mahmoud Esmail, Abeer Awad and Yasmine Abd Elfatah
    Citation: The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine 2024 36:8
    Content type: Research Published on:

  34. Primary Sjogren’s syndrome is a chronic autoimmune disease affecting mainly the exocrine glands, typically presenting with sicca syndrome, but systemic multi-organ manifestations are possible. The diagnosis is...

    Authors: H. Ikrou, F. Elkadah and H. Serhane
    Citation: The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine 2024 36:7
    Content type: Case Report Published on:

  35. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive failure of renal function with ongoing systemic inflammation. Inflammatory markers such as neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR)...

    Authors: Fathima Azra Aneez, Nifla Shariffdeen, Fathima Asra Haleem, Brammah R Thangarajah and Karunaithas Rasaratnam
    Citation: The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine 2024 36:6
    Content type: Research Published on:

  36. Limited and contradicting findings were observed on the effects of both metformin (MET) and pioglitazone (PIO) on adiponectin (ADP) levels. Hence, we performed a meta-analysis of randomized control trials to o...

    Authors: Roselle Arbas, Sofia Alexis Dayrit, Arah Dimalanta, John Ashley Flores, Arch Raphael Mañalac, Dinah Rose Soriano, Johana Vallo, Raphael Enrique Tiongco and Maria Ruth Pineda-Cortel
    Citation: The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine 2024 36:5
    Content type: Research Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine 2024 36:36

  37. The January 2023 COVID-19 omicron wave in China garnered wide publicity partly because it evaded most vaccines at that time and resulted in “breakthrough infections” in previously vaccinated individuals. This ...

    Authors: Erick Thokerunga, Peter Kisembo, Manzama-Esso Abi, Fangnon Firmin Fangninou, Juval Avala Ntsigouaye, Janet Oluwasola Bolorunduro, Chinaza Valerie Olovo, Marvellous Okeke, Samuel Emeka Peter, Innocent Okohi Agida, Moses Kumi, Emmanuel Kwateng Drokow and Temitope Emmanuel Komolafe
    Citation: The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine 2024 36:4
    Content type: Research Published on:

  38. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a serious, life-threatening condition known for its profound hydro electrolytic disturbances and multiple complications, including cerebral edema and circulatory collapse. While ...

    Authors: Abderrahmane Bouchaala, Jaouad Nguadi, Najat Mouine, Hicham Bouzelmat and Aatif Benyass
    Citation: The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine 2024 36:3
    Content type: Case Report Published on:

  40. Acute kidney injury (AKI) affects over 13 million individuals annually worldwide, resulting in 1.7 million deaths. The potential long-term progression to chronic kidney disease (CKD) and renal failure, as well...

    Authors: Arnab Purkayastha, Amit Kalwar, Zakia Firdaus, Bhaskar Kanti Nath and Prithwiraj Bhattacharjee
    Citation: The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine 2024 36:1
    Content type: Research Published on:

  41. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is an omega-3 fatty acid found in fatty fish and fish oil supplements. Over the past few decades, research has suggested that EPA has various potential health benefits, particularly...

    Authors: Mahmoud Nassar, Aelia Jaffery, Bassel Ibrahim, Bahaaeldin Baraka and Hazem Abosheaishaa
    Citation: The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine 2023 35:81
    Content type: Review Published on:

  42. Authors: Salwa Seddik Hosny, Merhan Samy Nasr, Moataz M. W. Abd Elfattah, Samar Helmy Abdel Dayem and Rana Hashem Ibrahim
    Citation: The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine 2023 35:80
    Content type: Correction Published on:

    The original article was published in The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine 2023 35:60

  43. Evaluation of the ability of estimated levels of fecal calprotectin (FCP), serum intelectin-1 (ITLN1), and C-reactive protein (CRP) to differentiate between patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and irritable ...

    Authors: Rizk Sayad R. Sarhan, Yasmin M. Marei and Yomna M. Marei
    Citation: The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine 2023 35:79
    Content type: Research Published on:

  44. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is currently one of the leading causes of death worldwide, with 90% of these deaths reported in low- and middle-income countries. In Lebanon, the prevalence of COPD...

    Authors: S. Basma, A. Al-Hajje, P. Salameh, I. Nader and AM. Henaine
    Citation: The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine 2023 35:78
    Content type: Research Published on:

  45. Meningoencephalitis and herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO) are rare neurological and ocular complications of herpes zoster, respectively. Their co-occurrence is rarer, even in patients with retroviral disease (R...

    Authors: Aniruddha Jog, Vinayak M. Sawardekar and Arjun Agarwal
    Citation: The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine 2023 35:77
    Content type: Case Report Published on:

  46. A definitive diagnosis of soft tissue cystic swelling is challenging, as clinical and imaging findings might misguide the clinician and delay timely diagnosis and treatment as well as outcome. The radiological...

    Authors: Ahmed Suparno Bahar Moni, Tiffany Ann Johnson, Cade Ray McGarvey, Razia Sultana Ivy, Tasmia Jahan Yean and Muhamad Zabidi Ahmad
    Citation: The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine 2023 35:76
    Content type: Case Report Published on:

  48. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been implicated in the development of cardiometabolic risk factors in some populations. However, few studies have investigated the role of BDNF and cardiometabolic ...

    Authors: Kwame Yeboah, Francys Frimpong Otu, Jennifer Adjepong Agyekum and Bartholomew Dzudzor
    Citation: The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine 2023 35:74
    Content type: Research Published on:

  49. Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) has been regarded as a novel and minimally invasive therapy for the treatment of achalasia. Data from the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region and Arabic countries are s...

    Authors: Shaimaa Elkholy, Kareem Essam, Gina Gamal, Karim K. Maurice, Zeinab Abdellatif, Mohammed El-Sherbiny, Hany Haggag, Abeer Awad and Kerolis Yousef
    Citation: The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine 2023 35:73
    Content type: Review Published on:

  50. Diabetes mellitus is a common metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and disturbance of carbohydrate, fats, and protein metabolism. Type 2 diabetes mellitus results from reduced insulin secr...

    Authors: Shafat Iqbal Bhati, S. F. Haque, S. S. Siddiqi and Rizwan Ahmad
    Citation: The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine 2023 35:72
    Content type: Research Published on:
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