Skip to main content

Questions and a guide to answers

References

  1. Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Curtin LR, Lamb MM, Flegal KM. Prevalence of high body mass index in US children and adolescents, 2007–2008. JAMA 2010; 303: 242–249.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Polednak AP. Estimating the number of U.S. incident cancers attributable to obesity and the impact on temporal trends in incidence rates for obesity-related cancers. Cancer Detect Prev 2008; 32: 190–199.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Xu H, Barnes GT, Yang Q, et al. Chronic inflammation in fat plays a crucial role in the development of obesity-related insulin resistance. J Clin Invest 2003; 112: 1821–1830.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Skurk T, Alberti-Huber C, Herder C. Relationship between adipocyte size and adipokine expression and secretion. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007; 92: 1023–1033.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Wannamethee SG, Lowe GD, Rumley A, et al. Adipokines and risk of type 2 diabetes in older men. Diab Care 2007; 30: 1200–1205.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Leung KC, Doyle N, Ballesteros M, Waters MJ, Ho KK. Insulin regulation of human hepatic growth hormone receptors: divergent effects on biosynthesis and surface translocation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000; 85: 4712–4720.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Calle EE, Kaaks R. Overweight, obesity and cancer: epidemiological evidence and proposed mechanisms. Nat Rev Cancer 2004; 4: 579–591.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Hellawell GO, Turner GD, Davies DR, et al. Expression of the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor is up-regulated in primary prostate cancer and commonly persists in metastatic disease. Cancer Res 2002; 62: 2942–2950.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Soliman PT, Wu D, Tortolero-Luna G, et al. Association between adiponectin, insulin resistance, and endometrial cancer. Cancer 2006; 106: 2376–2381.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Koda M, Sulkowska M, Wincewicz A, et al. Expression of leptin, leptin receptor, and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 α in human endometrial cancer. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2007; 1095: 90–98.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Koda M, Sulkowska M, Kanczuga-Koda L, et al. Expression of the obesity hormone leptin and its receptor correlates with hypoxia-inducible factor-1 α in human colorectal cancer. Ann Oncol 2007; 18: vi116–vi119.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Dass K, Ahmad A, Azmi AS, Sarkar SH, Sarkar FH Evolving role of uPA/ uPAR system in human cancers. Cancer Treat Rev 2008; 34: 122–136.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Leik CE, Su EJ, Nambi P, Crandall DL, Lawrence DA. Effect of pharmacologic plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 inhibition on cell motility and tumor angiogenesis. J Thromb Haemost 2006; 4: 2710–2715.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Allen NE, Key TJ, Dossus L, et al. Endogenous sex hormones and endometrial cancer risk in women in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). Endocr Relat Cancer 2008;15: 485–497.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Wolin KY, Carson K, Colditz GA. Obesity and cancer. Oncologist 2010; 15: 556–565.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Roberts DL, Dive C, Renehan AG. Biological mechanisms linking obesity and cancer risk: new perspectives. Annu Rev Med 2010; 61: 301–316.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Heikkila K, Harris R, Lowe G, et al. Associations of circulating C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 with cancer risk: findings from two prospective cohorts and a meta-analysis. Cancer Causes Control 2008; 20: 15–26.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Ashrafian H, Ahmed K, Rowland SP, et al. Metabolic surgery and cancer: protective effects of bariatric procedures. Cancer 2011; 117: 1788–1799.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hoda Atya MD.

Additional information

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.

Rights and permissions

This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Atya, H., Al-Rawi, H. Questions and a guide to answers. Egypt J Intern Med 27, 160–166 (2015). https://doi.org/10.4103/1110-7782.174952

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/1110-7782.174952