Table 2 Demographic, clinical characteristics, and laboratory findings in different stages of CKD patients

Demographics

 Age (years), mean ± SD

46.27 ± 13.85

61.88 ± 10.09

63.24 ± 11.56

57.76 ± 13.33

0.001

 Sex (male %)

4 (26.67%)

14 (87.5%)

17 (68%)

15 (51.72%)

0.004

Comorbidities

 Single condition

9 (60%)

10 (62.5%)

15 (60%)

14 (48.28%)

0.745

 Multiple conditions

3 (20%)

4 (25%)

7 (28%)

10 (34.48%)

0.766

Medications

 ACE inhibitors

8 (53.33%)

1 (6.25%)

1 (4%)

5 (17.24%)

 < 0.0001

 ARB medications

10 (23.26%)

7 (43.75%)

11 (44%)

15 (51.72%)

0.513

Laboratory data

 Serum creatinine (μmol/L)

91.47 ± 20.45

131.65 ± 15.63

168.76 ± 22.21

248.52 ± 62.14

< 0.0001

 e-GFR (ml/min/1.73m²)

72.00 (65.00–82.00)

50.00 (46.25–52.00)

36.00 (32.50–42.00)

23.00 (18.00–25.50)

< 0.0001

 ESR (mm/h)

18.00 (10.00–35.00)

20.00 (10.50–39.75)

18.00 (15.00–44.00)

40.00 (25.00–55.00)

0.061

 UPCR (mg/mmol)

71.96 (45.00–98.00)

93.00 (47.12–99.61)

249.00 (136.50–262.00)

342.50 (285.45–388.84)

< 0.0001

 WBC count (× 10⁹/L)

7.17 ± 1.56

8.24 ± 1.81

8.02 ± 1.16

8.63 ± 1.94

0.056

 Neutrophil count (× 10⁹/L)

3.97 ± 0.80

5.13 ± 1.14

5.44 ± 1.13

6.29 ± 1.68

 < 0.0001

 Lymphocyte count (× 10⁹/L)

2.30 (2.00–3.40)

2.25 (1.90–2.75)

2.00 (1.80–2.20)

1.80 (1.50–2.10)

0.001

 Platelet count (× 10⁹/L)

249.00 (202.00–268.00)

262.00 (219.25–284.25)

260.00 (247.5–290.00)

277.00 (256.50–390.00)

0.013

 NLR

1.62 ± 0.41

2.27 ± 0.19

2.64 ± 0.35

3.26 ± 0.52

< 0.0001

 PLR

101.11 (100.00–108.00)

109.50 (105.25–117.23)

126.67 (120.00–130.50)

150.00 (136.50–185.83)

< 0.0001