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The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of studied groups

From: Serum nesfatin-1 is a biomarker of pre-diabetes and interplays with cardiovascular risk factors

Variables

Group I

(diabetic)

(N = 30)

Group II

(pre-diabetic)

N = 30

Group III

(control)

N = 28

A

B

C

D

Nesfatin-1 (ng/dl)

3.89 ± 1.1

7.47 ± 1.22

15.39 ± 3.53

< 0.001*

< 0.001*

< 0.001*

< 0.001*

Age (years)

48.76 ± 8.81

48.1 ± 6.43

48.06 ± 10.61

0.94

0.95

0.95

1

Male/female n (%) $

17/13 (57/ 43 )

18/12 (60/40)

15/13 (54/46)

0.87

0–79

0.79

0.61

Waist cir (cm)

104 ± 10.6

93.03 ± 9.5

83.56 ± 9.64

< 0.001*

< 0.001*

< 0.001*

0.001*

Waist/hip ratio

0.92 ± 0.04

0.96 ± 0.04

0.82 ± 0.05

< 0.001*

0.03*

< 0.001*

0.001*

BMI (kg/m2

30.07 ± 5.14

34.33 ± 5.09

23.8 ± 1.65

< 0.001*

0.001*

< 0.001*

< 0.001*

SBP (mmHg)

138.5 ± 11.75

130.13 ± 11.94

111.16 ± 5.36

< 0.001*

0.009*

< 0.001*

< 0.001*

DBP (mmHg)

88 ± 5.95

83.83 ± 7.03

74 ± 4.96

< 0.001*

0.08

< 0.001*

< 0.001*

F glucose (mg/dl)

152.33 ± 32.62

117.06 ± 4.73

81.3 ± 7.37

< 0.001*

< 0.001*

< 0.001*

< 0.001*

2hPP glucose (mg/dl)

276.76 ± 52.38

171.5 ± 14.6

110.9 ± 6.33

< 0.001*

< 0.001*

< 0.001*

< 0.001*

Hemoglobin A1c(%)

10.41 ± 2.01

6.26 ± 0.35

4.65 ± 0.46

< 0.001*

< 0.001*

< 0.001*

< 0.001*

F insulin (μU/mL)#

19 [16–28]

22 [16–28.3]

8 [5–11.5]

< 0.001*

0.83

< 0.001*

< 0.001*

HOMA- IR #

8.[6–12]

6.5 [4–8]

2 [1–2.1]

< 0.001*

0.007*

< 0.001*

< 0.001*

cholesterol (mg/dl)

220.83 ± 15.57

201.2 ± 10.33

168.9 ± 10.63

< 0.001*

< 0.001*

< 0.001*

< 0.001*

Triglycerides (mg/dl)

165.96 ± 15.29

141.8 ± 13.85

96 ± 5.55

< 0.001*

< 0.001*

< 0.001*

< 0.001*

HDL-c( mg/dl)

50.3 ± 2.36

50.3 ± 2.36

66 ± 3.92

< 0.001*

1

< 0.001*

< 0.001*

LDL-c (mg/dl)

137.33 ± 16.44

122.4 ± 11.02

88.6 ± 11.97

< 0.001*

< 0.001*

< 0.001*

< 0.001*

Creatnine (mg/dl)

0.87 ± 0.23

0.81 ± 0.18

0.81 ± 0.21

0.41

0.69

0.81

1

  1. Waist cir waist circumference, BMI body mass index, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, F fasting plasma, HOMA-IR homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, HDL-c high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-c low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Quantitative data are expressed as mean ± SD and compared by ANOVA test for comparison between the three groups followed by post hoc Tukey correction between each two groups for normally distributed data
  2. #Non-parametric quantitative data are compared with Kruskal-Wallis test for the three groups and Mann Whitney test for each two groups. $=qualitative variables are expressed as frequency and compared by χ2 test
  3. *Significant difference at p value < 0.05. A p value between the three groups. B p value when group I compared with group II. C p value when group I compared with group III. D p value when group II compared with group III
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