Table 2 Risk factors and associated vitamin B12 deficiency
Risk factor | Category | Cases (%) | Controls (%) | P value at 95%CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Religion | Hindu | 154 (96.2) | 148 (92.5) | 0.1532 |
Muslim | 6 (3.8) | 12 (7.5) | ||
Gender | Male | 103 (64.4) | 92 (57.5) | 0.2080 |
Female | 57 (35.6) | 68 (42.5) | ||
Socioeconomic class | Middle class and above | 25 (15.6) | 55 (34.4) | 0.0001 |
Below middle class | 135 (84.4) | 105 (65.6) | ||
Complexion | Wheatish | 121 (75.6) | 142 (88.8) | 0.1508 |
Dark | 32 (20.0) | 15 (9.4) | ||
Fair | 7 (4.4) | 3 (1.9) | ||
Type of diet | Vegetarian | 39 (24.4) | 18 (11.3) | 0.0027 |
Other than vegetarian | 121 (75.6) | 142 (88.7) | ||
Smoking habits | Smokers | 20 (12.5) | 11 (6.9) | 0.0933 |
Nonsmokers | 140 (87.5) | 149 (93.1) | ||
Alcohol consumption | Alcoholics | 31 (19.4) | 25 (15.6) | 0.3781 |
Non-alcoholics | 129 (80.6) | 135 (84.4) | ||
Use of antacid in treatment | Yes | 3 (1.9) | 0 (0.00) | 0.1950 |
No | 157 (98.1) | 160 (100) | ||
Purification of drinking water | Use of R.O. water | 17 (10.62) | 5 (3.12) | 0.0099 |
Other than R.O. | 143 (89.38) | 155 (96.88) | ||
Use of metformin in treatment | Yes | 2 (1.3%) | 1 (0.6) | 0.5695 |
No | 158 (98.8%) | 159 (99.4%) |