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The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine

Table 2 Iron and insulin parameters of the luteal, follicular phases of menstrual cycle and postmenopausal state stratified of having or not the MetS

From: Interplay of serum hepcidin with female sex hormones, metabolic syndrome, and abdominal fat distribution among premenopausal and postmenopausal women

 

MetS

Premenopausal women

Post menopause women (PMS)

P value

EFP

MLP

EFP vs. MLP

EFP vs. PMS

MPl vs. PMS

Iron (μg/dl)a

Total

43 ± 8.4

84.3 ± 18

126.8 ± 33

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

Yes

41 ± 9.9

79.3 ± 15.6

114.8 ± 30.9

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

No

44.7 ± 6.5

88.5 ± 19.0

142.4 ± 29.4

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

P1

0.035

0.01

0.001

   

Ferritin (ng/ml) a

Total

67.6 ± 24.3

92 ± 35.5

118.6 ± 44.7

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

Yes

84.9 ± 16.1

119 ± 21.9

139.8 ± 43.3

< 0.001

< 0.001

0.007

No

52.4 ± 19.7

67.8 ± 26.4

91.2 ± 29.1

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

P1

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

   

Hepcidin (ng/ml) a

Total

6.5 ± 2.6

9.5 ± 3.7

12.8 ± 3.8

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

Yes

8.4 ± 1.9

12.2 ± 2.3

15 ± 3

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

No

4.9 ± 1.9

7.06 ± 2.8

9.8 ± 2.6

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

P1

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

   

H/F ratio a

Total

0.09 ± 0.02

0.1 ± 0.02

0.113 ± 0.03

< 0.001

< 0.001

0.02

Yes

0.09 ± 0.01

0.10 ± 0.01

0.11 ± 0.03

0.14

0.005

0.03

No

0.09 ± 0.02

0.10 ± 0.01

0.11 ± 0.03

0.03

0.01

0.14

P1

0.490

0.84

0.946

   

Insulin (Mu /ml)b

Total

11.5 [9–16]

14 [12–19]

14 [6.3–19]

< 0.001

0.04

0.249

Yes

16 [11.–18]

19 [15–25]

18 [15–26]

< 0.001

0.03

0.86

No

9.0 [7–12]

12 [10–14]

8.5 [4–11]

< 0.001

0.17

< 0.001

P1

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

   

HOMA-IR b

Total

1.55 [1.1–2.1]

1.8 [1.6–2.57]

1.9 [1.05–2.8]

< 0.001

0.04

0.385

Yes

2.0 [1.5–2.3]

2.5 [1.9–3.2]

3.5 [2.45–4.6]

< 0.001

0.005

0.88

No

1.1 [0.9–1.6]

1.6 [1.3–1.8)

1.4 [1.1–2.1]

< 0.001

0.16

< 0.001

P1

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

   

Estradiol (pg/ml) a

 

53.4 ± 16.8

91.9 ± 26.4

26.1 ± 12.9

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

Yes

57.4 ± 16.2

93.6 ± 22.0

31.3 ± 13.5

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

No

49.9 ± 16.8

90.2 ± 29.8

19.4 ± 8.2

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

P1

0.030

0.53

< 0.001

   

Progesterone (ng/ml) b

 

1.4 [0.96–1.9]

10.5 [4.3–13.7]

1.1 [0.5–1.5]

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

Yes

1.7 [1.3–2.7]

12.2 [5.3–16.7]

1.1 [0.45–1.5]

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

No

1.29 [0.9–1.5]

7.5 [3.5–12.9]

1.1 [0.68–1.3]

< 0.001

0.18

< 0.001

P1

< 0.001

0.20

0.49

   
  1. Parametric and non- parametric quantitative data are expressed as Mean ± SD and median and 25–75% interquartile and compared using student t test and Mann-Whitney between EFP and MLP vs. PMS and using paired samples T and Wilcoxon signed rank test between EFP vs. MLP respectively. P1 = p-value when we compared metabolic versus non-metabolic within the same phase or state. Significant level is at p value < 0.05 and written in bold
  2. MetS Metabolic syndrome, EFP Early follicular phase, MLP Mid-luteal phase, PMS Postmenopausal state, H/F Hepcidin/ferritin, HOMA-IR Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance
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