Current update on herbal sources of antithrombotic activity—a comprehensive review

Subramani, Bhavani; Sathiyarajeswaran, P.

doi:10.1186/s43162-021-00090-9

The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine

Table 1 List of herbal sources of antithrombotic and its phytoconstituents

From: Current update on herbal sources of antithrombotic activity—a comprehensive review

Family	Botanical name	Parts used	Effect/activity	Phytochemicals	References
Apiaceae	Angelica keiskei (Miq.) Koidz.	Stem	Antithrombotic-anti-coagulant	Xanthoangelol B	[21]
Apiaceae	Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels	Aerial parts	Anti-coagulant, antiplatelet	Z-Ligustilide	[22]
Malvaceae	Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medik	Plant	Antiplatelet	Total flavone	[23]
Acanthaceae	Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.)Nees	Plant	Antiplatelet	Diterpenoids	[24]
Liliaceae	Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge	Rhizomes	Antiplatelet; antithrombotic	Timosaponin A-III, timosaponin B-II, anemarsaponin B, steroidal glycosides	[25]
Apiaceae	Apium graveolens Linn	Seeds	Antithrombotic, antiplatelet	3-N-Butylphthalide (NBP)l-3-n-butylphthalide (NBP)	[26]
Amaranthaceae	Achyranthes bidentatata Blume	Plant	Anticoagulant	Polysaccharides	[27]
Liliaceae	Allium sativum L.	Cloves	Antiplatelet	Allicin, adenosine,paraffinic polysulfides	[28]
Sapindaceae	Aesculus hippocastanum L.	Bark	Anticoagulant	Aescin (coumarin)	[29]
Berberidaceae	Berberis vulgaris L.	Plant	Antiplatelet	Berberine	[30]
Myrtaceae	Campomanesia xanthocarpa (Mart.) O.Berg	Leaf	Antithrombotic,antiplatelet	Flavonoids	[31]
Cyperaceae	Cyperus rotundus L.	Tuber	Antiplatelet	(+)-nootkatone(sesquiterpenoid)	[32]
Cornaceae	Cornus mas L	Dried fruits	Anticoagulant	Anthocyanins, polyphenols	[33]
Lauraceae	Cassytha filiformis L.	Fresh herb	Antiplatelet	Aporphinoid alkaloids	[34]
Zingiberaceae	Curcuma aromatica Salisb.	Rhizome	Antiplatelet	Curcumin	[35]
Asteraceae	Chrysanthemum indicum L.	Flowers	Antiplatelet	Chlorogenic acid	[36]
Lauraceae	Cinnamomum cassia Nees.	Bark and twigs	Antiplatelet	Eugenol, amygdalactone, cinnamic alcohol, 2-hydroxycinnamaldehyde, 2-methoxycinnamaldehyde, coniferaldehyde	[37]
Rutaceae	Citrus hassaku Yu.Tanaka	Fruits	Antiplatelet	Prunin	[38]
Ranunculaceae	Coptis chinensis Franch.	Rhizome	Antiplatelet	Berberine	[39]
Compositae	Carthamus tinctorius L.	Plant	Antithrombotic	Hydroxysafflor yellow A	[40]
Leguminosae	Caesalpinia sappan L.	Heartwood	Antiplatelet	Brazilin	[41]
Zingiberaceae	Curcuma longa L.	Rhizome	Antiplatelet, anticoagulant, antithrombotic	Ar-turmerone, curcumin	[42, 43]
Moraceae	Cudrania tricuspidata Bureau	Roots	Antiplatelet	Cudratricusxanthone A (CTXA)	[44]
Lamiaceae	Callicarpa nudiflora Hook. & Arn.	Leaves	Antiplatelet	Triterpenoids	[45]
Apiaceae	Centella asiatica L. (Urb).	Herb	Antiplatelet	Caffeoyl quinic acid compounds	[46]
Fabaceae (Leguminosae	Dalbergia odorifera T. Chen	Heartwood	Antiplatelet	Sesquiterpenes	[47]
Dioscoreaceae	Dioscorea zingiberensis C.H. Wright	Rhizome	Antithrombotic, anticoagulant, antiplatelet	Dioscin-steroidal saponins	[48, 49]
Ebenaceae	Diospyros kaki Thunb.	Leaves, fruits	Anticoagulant, antithrombotic	Diosmin (diosmetin 7-O-rutinoside), a disaccharide derivative	[50]
Euphorbiaceae	Euphorbia neriifolia L.	Roots, leaves	Antithrombotic	Flavonoids, polyphenols	[51]
Rutaceae	Evodia rutaecarpa A.Juss.	Dried unripened fruit	Antiplatelet	Rutaecarpine	[52]
Asteraceae	Erigeron canadensis L.	Whole plant	Anticoagulant, antiplatelet	Polyphenolic polysaccharide	[53]
Ginkgoaceae	Ginkgo biloba L.	Leaf	Antiplatelet activity	Ginkgolides A, B, and C	[54]
Leguminosae	Glycyrrhiza uralensis	Rhizome	Antithrombotic	Isotrifoliol	[55]
Himantandraceae	Galbulimima baccata F.M.Bailey	Bark	Antithrombotic	Galbulimima alkaloids-himbacine	[56]
Saururaceae	Houttuynia cordata	Plant	Antiplatelet	Alkaloids	[57]
Hernandiaceae	Hernandia nymphaefolia J.Presl.	Trunk bark	Antiplatelet	Aporphine compounds	[58]
Hernandiaceae	Illigera luzonensis Merr	Roots	Antiplatelet	Aporphine alkaloids	[59]
Aquifoliaceae	Ilex paraguariensis A.St.	Fruits	Antithrombotic, antiplatelet	Chikusetsusaponin IVa	[60]
Lamiaceae	Leonurus sibiricus	aerial parts	antiplatelet	Leonurine	[61]
Caprifoliacea	Lonicera japonica Thunb.	plant	antiplatelet	Protocatechuic acid	[62]
Lamiaceaeae	Lycopus lucidus Turcz.	plant	antiplatelet	-	[63]
Asparagaceae	Liriope muscari L.H.Bailey.	plant	anti‐thrombotic	D39, a natural saponin	[64]
Lauraceae	Lindera obtusiloba Blume	Leaf	antiplatelet, antithrombotic	quercitrin and afzelin	[65]
Rutaceae	Melicope semecarpifolia Merr.	root bark	antiplatelet	quinoline alkaloids,	[66]
Magnoliaceae	Magnolia officinalis	Bark	antiplatelet	Magnolol,honokiol	[67]
Nelumbonaceae	Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.	fruits ;whole plant	anti-coagulant; antithrombotic	neferine, alkaloid; flavonoids in hydroalcoholic extract respectively	[68]
Lamiaceae	Origanum majorana L.	plant	antiplatelet	hydroquinone-D-glucopyranoside (Coumarin )	[69]
Oleaceae	Osmanthus fragrans Lour.	seeds	antiplatelet	secoiridoid glucoside	[70]
Araliaceae	Panax ginseng Meyer	root	antiplatelet	Ginsenoside Rg1, Ginsenoside Rg3, Ginsenoside Rp4.Ginsenoside Ro (an oleanane-type saponin
Piperaceae	Piper longum L.	Dried fruits	antiplatelet	piperlongumine,a pyridone alkaloid	[71]
Paeoniaceae	Paeonia suffruticosa	dried root bark	antiplatelet	-	[72]
Paeoniaceae	Paeonia lactiflora Pall.	plant	antiplatelet and anti-coagulant	Paeoniflorin, Benzoylpaeoniflorin, Benzoyloxypaeoniflorin, Methyl gallate, Catechin, Paeoniflorigenone, Galloylpaeoniflorin, Daucosterol	[72]
Araliaceae	Panax bipinnatifidus Seem.	Roots	antithrombotic,antiplatelet	saponins	[73]
Annonaceae	Rollinia mucosa Jacq.	stems	antiplatelet	N-methoxycarbonyl aporphine alkaloids,romucosine A (1), romucosine B (2), romucosine C (3), andromucosine D (4	[74]
Apocynaceae	Rauwolfia serpentina Benth.	roots	antiplatelet	Ajmaline	[75]
Rutacaeae	Ruta graveolens L.	root and aerial parts	antiplatelet	The quinoline alkaloid graveolinine	[76]
Anacardiaceae	Rhus verniciflua (Syn.Toxicodendron vernicifluum)	herb	antiplatelet	Isomaltol, Pentagalloyl glucose	[77]
Polygonaceae	Rheum palmatum L.	aerial parts	antiplatelet	Two stilbenes- trans-resveratrol-3-O-β-d-glucopyranosid (I) and rhaponticin (II)	[78]
Scrophulariaceae	Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn.)	dried roots	antiplatelet	furan derivatives	[79]
Rosaceae	Spiraea japonica L.	roots	antiplatelet	atisine-type diterpenoid alkaloids	[80]
Lamiaceae	Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi.	root	anti-platelet, anticoagulant	Baicalin	[81]
Leguminosae	Spatholobus suberectus Dunn.	stem	antiplatelet	daidzein and genistein	[82]
Fabaceae	Sophora japonica L.	plant	antiplatelet	flavonoids	[83]
Selaginellaceae	Selaginella tamariscina (P. Beauv.) Spring	herb	anti-coagulant	dihydrocaffeic acid & amentoflavone	[84]
Typhaceae	Sparganium stoloniferum Buch.	plant	antiplatelet, antithrombotic	flavonoids	[9]
Labiateae	Salvia miltiorrhiza	Root	antiplatelet	15,16-dihydrotanshinone I, Tanshinone I, Tanshinone IIA, Cryptotanshinone, Danshensu, Salvianolic acid B	[85]
Sapindaceae	Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn.	Galls	antiplatelet	Sapinmusaponins F-J; Sapinmusaponins Q and R (1–50 µM) respectively	[86]
Asteraceae	Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.	Seeds,fruits	antiplatelet activity	Silymarin( flavonolignans)	[87]
Rosaceae	Spiraea japonica L.	roots	antiplatelet	spiramine C1	[80]
Violaceae	Viola yedoensis Makino	whole plants	anticoagulant	dicoumarins: dimeresculetin, euphorbetin, esculetin	[88]
Melanthiaceae	Veratrum dahuricum (Turcz.) O.Loes.	rhizomes	antiplatelet	Veratroylgermine-steroidal alkaloid	[89]
Zingiberaceae	Zingiber officinale Roscoe	rhizome	antiplatelet	Gingerol, paradol	[90]

Back to article page