Table 1 Angiogenic effect of flavonoids and their molecular mechanisms. ↓ inhibit or decrease of expression, secretion, or activity; ↑ increase of expression, secretion, or activity

1

Naringenin

Tomatoes, oranges

HUVEC

VEGF/KDR signaling pathway ↓

Chen et al. [1]; Li et al. [2]

2

Kaempferol

Vegetables, tea, and natural products

HUVEC; SCC-4 cells; Zebrafish

↓ VEGFR2; PI3K/AKT, MEK and ERK signaling pathways ↓; MMP-2 ↓; AP-1 action ↓; ERK1/2 phosphorylation ↓; eNOS ↓

Hu et al. [3], Chin HK et al. [4]

3

Chrysin

Honey, propolis, and passion flowers

Rat model

↓ VEGF; HIF-1 ↓

Song et al. [5]

4

Myricetin

Vegetables, fruits, nuts, berries, and herbs

CAM assay, HUVEC

↓ VEGF-A; Incite ROS-intervened apoptosis; PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways ↓; VEGFR2 and p38MAPK ↓

Zhou et al. [6], Kim et al. [7], Santosh et al. [8]

5

Luteolin

Celery, broccoli, apples, and carrots

HRMECs, HUVECs, Hs-746T cells

↓ VEGF; HIF-1α ↓; VEGFR2 ↓; MMP-1 and MMP-9 ↓; Notch1 expression ↓; P-Akt ↓

Zang et al. [9], Pervin et al. [10], Park et al. [11]

6

Epigallocatechin 3 gallate, Y6

Tea, green, white, and black teas

Renal carcinoma cells; HUVECs

MMP-2 and MMP-9 ↓; Endoglin/smad1signaling pathways ↓; VEGF ↓; ERK1/2 /MAPK, AKT/PI3K/VEGF/ HIF-α pathways ↓

Liao et al. [12], Chen et al. [13], Chen et al. [14]

7

Nobiletin

Citrus peels

Human Dermal Fibroblasts

MMP-9 ↓; p38MAPK activity ↓

Kim et al. [15]

8

Wogonin

Scutelleria biacalensis

HePG2

MMP-9 ↓

Hong et al. [16]

9

Hesperidin

Citrus fruits

Mice

MMP-9 ↓; mitogen MAPK ↓

Lee et al. [17]

10

Oroxyloside

Oroxylum indicum, Scutellaria baicalensis

EA.hy926 cells

Akt/MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathways ↓; VEGFR2 ↓

Zhao et al. [18]

11

Herbacetin

Rhodiola rosea

Hs294T, A375 cells

EGFR-ERK/AKT signaling pathways ↓; MMP-9 ↓

Li et al. [19]

12

Delphinidin

Fruits, flowers, and leaves of plants

A549 cells

HIF-1 ↓; ERK/P13K/Akt/mTOR/p70S6K signaling pathways ↓

Kim et al. [20]

13

Quercetin

Vegetables and fruits

Human retinal endothelial cells

↓ VEGFR2; MEK/ERK, PI3K/AKT, MEK/JNK signaling pathways ↓

Lupo et al. [21]