Table 1 Clinical and laboratory parameters after 6 months in the three groups

Weight (kg)

89.8 ± 12.8 (88.2 ± 0.39)

86.6 ± 14.8 (87.3 ± 0.35)

104.9 ± 15.7 (105.8 ± 0.45)

614.429

< 0.001

0.809

BMI (kg/m²)

31.3 ± 4.2 (31.0 ± 0.15)

30.6 ± 4.7 (30.7 ± 0.13)

37.2 ± 4 (37.4 ± 0.17)

563.802

< 0.001

0.795

WC (cm)

103.1 ± 10.8 (101.67 ± 0.6)

100.7 ± 12.8 (101.74 ± 0.5)

121.7 ± 15 (121.96 ± 0.7)

329.655

< 0.001

0.694

DM duration (years)

12 ± 6.3

11.9 ± 6.1

8.3 ± 3.1

11.809*

< 0.001

0.075

GGT

38.6 ± 17 (36.5 ± 1.18)

27.9 ± 13.4 (33.3 ± 1.09)

78.4 ± 26 (72.16 ± 1.41)

260.095

< 0.001

0.641

TG

180.4 ± 96.9 (174.3 ± 6.5)

155.2 ± 80.8 (165.3 ± 5.8)

221.8 ± 91.4 (213.2 ± 7.6)

13.197

< 0.001

0.083

FLI

71.77 ± 22.9 (71.5 ± 1.5)

63.9 ± 24 (66.6 ± 1.4)

97 ± 3.7 (92.9 ± 1.8)

69.259

< 0.001

0.323

ALT

39.4 ± 11.9 (38.4 ± 1.04)

36.2 ± 8.7 (38.4 ± 0.95)

74.4 ± 18.7 (71.9 ± 1.2)

282.199

< 0.001

0.660

AST

27.65 ± 11.8 (28.6 ± 0.88)

24.96 ± 14.3 (30.02 ± 0.83)

54.86 ± 14.4 (45.05 ± 1.13)

70.453

< 0.001

0.326

AST to ALT ratio

0.76 ± 0.47 (0.80 ± 0.03)

7.4 ± 0.47 (0.82 ± 0.03)

0.78 ± 0.28 (0.58 ± 0.04)

13.708

< 0.001

0.086

T. cholesterol

177.8 ± 40.2 (177.2 ± 3.7)

170.1 ± 38.6 (169.9 ± 3.3)

199.2 ± 40.4 (200.3 ± 4.3)

16.293

< 0.001

0.101

HDL cholesterol

42.6 ± 13.3 (43.3 ± 1.2)

43.8 ± 14.2 (42.8 ± 1.1)

43.1 ± 11.1 (43.8 ± 1.4)

0.147

0.863

0.001

LDL cholesterol

94.96 ± 39.8 (95.5 ± 3.6)

92.46 ± 39.3 (91.1 ± 3.3)

110.8 ± 39.1 (112.2 ± 4.2)

8.035

< 0.001

0.052

VLDL

39.9 ± 25.7 (36.97 ± 1.7)

33.6 ± 20.2 (36.13 ± 1.5)

46.3 ± 24.4 (46.04 ± 2.0)

8.718

< 0.001

0.057

TC to HDL-C ratio

4.55 ± 1.6 (4.42 ± 0.11)

4.20 ± 1.4 (4.26 ± 0.11)

4.87 ± 1.3 (4.94 ± 0.14)

7.855

< 0.001

0.051

TG to HDL-C ratio

4.95 ± 3.7 (4.54 ± 0.25)

4.25 ± 3.4 (4.58 ± 0.23)

5.78 ± 3.4 (5.80 ± 0.29)

6.722

0.001

0.044

LDL-C to HDL-C ratio

2.41 ± 1.17 (2.39 ± 0.10)

2.26 ± 1.10 (2.26 ± 0.09)

2.63 ± 0.96 (2.66 ± 0.11)

3.870

0.022

0.026