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Table 2 Chi-square test for categorical variables created from continuous variables stratified by frailty status

From: Risk factors for frailty in elderly Japanese people who received Ningen Dock: a cross-sectional study

Categorical variables

Robust

Pre-frail

Frail

p-values

CAVI ≥ 9

69 (30.5)

31 (31.3)

22 (46.8)

0.090a, †

SBP

 < 100 mmHg

9 (4.0)

11 (11.1)

7 (14.9)

0.005a, †, *

 ≥ 100, < 130 mmHg

177 (78.3)

81 (81.8)

34 (72.3)

 

 ≥ 130 mmHg

40 (17.7)

7 (7.1)

6 (12.8)

 

ALB ≤ 3.8 g/dL

32 (14.2)

21 (21.2)

14 (29.8)

0.025a, †, *

T-Bil ≤ 0.6 mg/dL

16 (7.1)

11 (11.1)

12 (25.5)

0.001a, †, *

Serum iron

 ≤ 85 μg/dL

50 (22.1)

27 (27.3)

24 (51.1)

< 0.001a, †, *

 > 85, ≤ 125 μg/dL

125 (55.3)

52 (52.5)

22 (46.8)

 

 > 125 μg/dL

51 (22.6)

20 (20.2)

1 (2.1)

 

Number of medications

 0–2 medications

132 (58.4)

55 (55.6)

16 (34.0)

0.001a, †, *

 3–6 medications

75 (33.2)

31 (31.3)

17 (36.2)

 

 ≥ 7 medications

19 (8.4)

13 (13.1)

14 (29.8)

 

Exercise strength

 ≤ 2 METs/week

53 (23.5)

38 (38.4)

22 (46.8)

0.004a, †, *

 > 2, ≤ 4 METs/week

50 (22.1)

16 (16.2)

10 (21.3)

 

 > 4 METs/week

123 (54.4)

45 (45.5)

15 (31.9)

 
  1. Data are shown as number of data (%)
  2. CAVI cardio-ankle vascular index, SBP systolic blood pressure, ALB albumin, T-Bil total bilirubin
  3. aChi-square test, †P < 0.1, *P < 0.05