Table 3 Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of observational studies
From: PPI efficacy in the reduction of variceal bleeding incidence and mortality, a meta-analysis
Study | Selection | Comparability | Exposure | Total | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Representativeness of the exposed cohort | Selection of the non-exposed cohort | Ascertainment of exposure | Demonstration that outcome of interest was not present at start of study | Comparability of cohorts on the basis of the design or analysis | Assessment of outcome | Was followed up long enough for outcomes to occur | Adequacy of follow up of cohorts | Total number of stars | |
Kang et al., 2016 [21] | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | 8 |
Wu et al., 2017 [15] | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | 8 |
Ghoz et al., 2020 [16] | * | * | - | * | ** | * | * | * | 8 |